Data collection techniques, such as observations, interviews, focus groups and think-aloud, are used to collect specific data regarding a system or scenario. Often the starting point for designing future systems is a description of a current or analogous system.

Task analysis techniques are used to represent human performance in a particular task or scenario under analysis. Task analysis techniques break down tasks or scenarios into the required individual task steps, in terms of the required human–machine and human–human interactions.

Cognitive task analysis (CTA ) techniques are used to describe and represent the unobservable cognitive aspects of task performance. CTA is used to describe the mental processes used by system operators in completing a task or a set of tasks.

Process charting techniques are used to depict graphically a task or process using standardised symbols. The output of charting techniques can be used to understand the different task steps involved in a particular scenario and also to highlight when each task step should occur and which technological aspect of the system interface is required.

Human error identification (HEI) techniques are used to predict any potential human/operator error that may occur during a man–machine interaction. Human reliability analysis (HRA ) techniques are used to quantify the probability of error occurrence.

Situation awareness (SA) refers to an operator’s knowledge and understanding of the situation that he or she is placed in. SA assessment techniques are used to understand and analyses operator SA in complex and dynamic systems.

Mental workload (MWL) represents the proportion of operator resources demanded by a task or a set of tasks. A number of MWL assessment techniques exist, which enable the evaluation of MWL associated with the work demands and resources.

Team performance analysis techniques are used to describe, analyse and represent team performance in a particular task or scenario. Various facets of team performance can be evaluated, including: communication, decision-making, awareness, workload and coordination.

Interface analysis techniques, such as usability testing, heuristic evaluation, cognitive walkthroughs, and user feedback analysis to assess the effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction of user interfaces and interaction designs.

Performance time prediction methods employ cognitive modeling, task analysis, and empirical data to estimate the time it takes for humans to perform specific tasks, considering factors like cognitive load, motor skills, and user experience.

Design methods involve user-centered approaches, such as user research, personas, usability testing, and iterative design, to ensure that products and systems are optimizsd for human use, considering factors like ergonomics, cognitive abilities, and user preferences.

Systems methods analyse the interactions between humans, technology, so that the complex interdependencies can be understood. The approaches use systems thinking, system dynamics, and system modelling. Methods include EAST (Event Analysis of Systemic Teamwork) and STAMP (Systems-Theoretic Accident Modelling and Processes) to improve safety and performance.